International Students' Perceptions towards Their Learning Experience in an International Network Seminar in Japan: During and Post the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has struck educational experience systems around the globe. This paper investigates and evaluates the student participants' perceptions who joined the international exchange seminar on global citizenship and peace held at a University in Hiroshima, Japan. Approximately seventy students and faculty members from nine to ten different universities from around the globe joined this summer program in August 2021 (online) and 2022 (face-to-face). This study is a mixed-method study. The first part consists of a quantitative analysis of BEVI data obtained from the students in the seminar before COVID-19 and after. The research concludes that there are no changes in the effects of what students learn. The second part consists of qualitative data. The data shows the perceptions of students of online teaching versus hybrid teaching. It compares the differences in participants' perceptions reported in students' feedback on the programs during and post-COVID-19. Our results confirm prominent differences exist in the students' perceptions of their learning experience during the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods. The findings indicate based on lessons learned post-pandemic, universities need to strive and define the meaning and purpose of international seminars, which enable students to experience a high level of intercultural social interaction online and face-to-face. As the world becomes more interconnected, virtual environments, such as the ones presented within the International Seminar in Hiroshima, Japan, are vital to facilitating intercultural teaching environments and the implications within this paper indicate that these virtual mediums can promote inclusion, leading to a more sustainable world.

Lessons learnt from teaching an Applied Drama and Theatre pedagogy online in a digitally divided South Africa

An Applied Drama and Theatre pedagogy is rooted in principles of embodiment, participation and collaboration, praxis and immersion in social contexts. Over the past fourteen years, the Drama for Life department at the University of the Witwatersrand prioritised the implementation of an Applied Drama and Theatre teaching and learning practice that is premised on our bodies operating within social and cultural contexts. Furthermore, the experiential pedagogy is reliant on physical presence and human contact for the purposes of reflection, transformation and education. With the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, this complex pedagogy faced a threat. How can we migrate an Applied Drama and Theatre curriculum to online learning platforms? Can we fully honour its pedagogical objectives remotely? The study explored how Applied Drama and Theatre educators re-envisioned and implemented strategies to maintain the integrity of the embodied pedagogy as it moved online. These collective approaches transpired amidst a disruptive digital divide within a South African context, which impacted connectivity, access and the hopes of a synchronous learning experience. From 2020 to 2021, the ethnographic study tracked and observed Drama for Life and its Applied Drama and Theatre educators as they;1) responded to the pandemic and identified its threats to the pedagogy;2) through processes of experimentation, transitioned the curriculum to online learning platforms;and 3) reflected on their discoveries, challenges and interim solutions throughout the journey. The study found (based on literature and data) that the pandemic provided higher education institutions and practitioners with an opportunity for directed change. Central to the collective strategies remained student centredness and pedagogical alignment. Although certain aspects of the Applied Drama and Theatre pedagogy have undeniably been compromised online, the study demonstrated that with increased efforts to bridge the digital divide, the strategies can be navigated continually with a carefully negotiated balance.

The attachment of adult women to the Italian labour market in the shadow of COVID-19.

We investigate the attachment to the labour market of women in their 30s, who are combining career and family choices, through their reactions to an exogenous, and potentially symmetric shock, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that in Italy a large number of women with small children, living in the North, left permanent (and temporary) employment and became inactive in 2020. Despite the short period of observation after the burst of the pandemic, the identified impacts appear large and persistent, particularly with respect to the men of the same age. We argue that this evidence is ascribable to specific regional socio-cultural factors, which foreshadow a potential long-term detrimental impact on female labour force participation.

The stochastic evolutionary game analysis of public prevention and control strategies in public health emergencies

PurposeThe COVID-19 epidemic is still spreading globally and will not be completely over in a short time. Wearing a mask is an effective means to combat the spread of COVID-19. However, whether the public wear a mask for epidemic prevention and control will be affected by stochastic factors such as vaccination, cultural differences and irrational emotions, which bring a high degree of uncertainty to the prevention and control of the epidemic. The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the epidemic prevention and control strategies of the public in an uncertain environment.Design/methodology/approachBased on the stochastic evolutionary game model of the Moran process, the study discusses the epidemic prevention and control strategies of the public under the conditions of the dominance of stochastic factors, expected benefits and super-expected benefits.FindingsThe research shows that the strategic evolution of the public mainly depends on stochastic factors, cost-benefit and the number of the public. When the stochastic factors are dominant, the greater the perceived benefit, the lower the cost and the greater the penalty for not wearing masks, the public will choose to wear a mask. Under the dominance of expected benefits and super-expected benefits, when the number of the public is greater than a certain threshold, the mask-wearing strategy will become an evolutionary stable strategy. From the evolutionary process, the government's punishment measures will slow down the speed of the public choosing the strategy of not wearing masks. The speed of the public evolving to the stable strategy under the dominance of super-expected benefits is faster than that under the dominance of expected benefits.Practical implicationsThe study considers the impact of stochastic factors on public prevention and control strategies and provides decision-making support and theoretical guidance for the scientific prevention of the normalized public.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, no research has considered the impact of different stochastic interference intensities on public prevention and control strategies. Therefore, this paper can be seen as a valuable resource in this field.

„Korona neexistuje!": Humor ako komunikačná stratégia v čase krízy

The study provides an ethnographic probe into the lives of the members of the PCR test team during the pandemic of COVID-19. The aim is to show the use of humour as a communication strategy in times of crisis from the perspective of symbolic anthropology and ethnography of communication, especially theories of danger and joke. The approach of state health institutions have often failed to meet the needs of society, affecting patients' access to information, the treatment of diseases or the identification of positive patients. Humour helped to prevent the conflicts, signalled forgiveness and influenced attitudes towards adherence to the rules. We focus on interpersonal and interactional aspects of communication, social identification of the respondents, as well as the influence of political culture. Coping strategies are followed through: (1) representations of dirt and the boundaries of the body, (2) the recontextualization of the statements and acts, (3) the boundaries of the joke in relation to feelings of safety, and (4) the subversive effect of humour and flirtation in a time of the disciplining of bodies. The study demonstrates how laughter bridges the gap resulting from the conflicting informational inputs. The recontextualisation of the teams' motto: Corona does not exist! is interpreted in its socio-pragmatic dimension.

Introduction

[...]shifting ideologies surrounding "the family” inform and carry implications for economic, political, cultural, and social practices and activities. [...]of this dominance and influence of the family, this special issue centers on family-focused library and information science (LIS) research and is borne from conversations and reflections posed at a 2019 iConference Session for Interaction and Engagement of the same name. [...]in "Students and Parents: How Academic Libraries Serve a Growing Population,” Marta Bladek employs multiple sources of data to draw attention to the challenges and barriers postsecondary students who are also parents must contend with as they attempt to access academic library services and supports. [...]the articles in this issue also highlight the diverse areas within LIS that may be enriched by a consideration of the family context, including the study of information practices (Han;McKenzie;Ortiz-Myers and Costello), archival practices and personal information management (Krtalić, Dinneen, Liew, and Goulding), consumer health information (Charbonneau and Akers), reader response theory (Velez), early literacy (Prendergast and Sharkey), and library service provision (Bladek).

Migración climática y fronteras militarizadas: seguridad humana, de género y ambiental

En este artículo se aborda la migración climática centroamericana desde un enfoque de seguridad humana, de género y ambiental (seguridad HUGE). Se examinan documentos, reportes gubernamentales, publicaciones de prensa, datos estadísticos internacionales y nacionales, así como entrevistas para establecer interrelaciones complejas entre migración, desastres, pobreza, pandemia y dilema de supervivencia. Las fronteras militarizadas, las presiones del gobierno estadounidense y el crimen organizado transnacional han incrementado los peligros y el costo de la migración indocumentada. ¿Pudiera una reforma migratoria en Estados Unidos superar esta vorágine de migración ilegal y generar desarrollo en el norte de Centroamérica por medio del envío de remesas a las familias que se quedan? El artículo explora la multiculturalidad, la restauración de ecosistemas, la adaptación al cambio climático, el reconocimiento de género y una cultura del cuidado que ofrecería a personas vulnerables de Centroamérica una agenda alternativa de vida en sus lugares de origen.Alternate abstract:This article addresses Central American climate migration from a human, gender, and environmental (HUGE security) approach. It examines documents, government reports, press publications, international and national statistical data, and interviews to establish complex interrelationships between migration, disasters, poverty, pandemic, and survival dilemma. Militarized borders, pressure from the U.S. government, and transnational organized crime have increased the dangers and costs of undocumented migration. Could a U.S. immigration reform overcome this maelstrom of illegal migration and generate development in northern Central America by sending remittances to their families? The article explores multiculturalism. ecosystem restoration, climate change adaptation, gender recognition, and a culture of care that would offer vulnerable people in Central America an alternative livelihood agenda in their country of origin.

Sustaining Traditionalism: an investigation into the vernacular transformation of the Khasi tribal houses of Sylhet

PurposeThis study aims at understanding the reasons causing the decline in the practice of traditional, regional architectural methods of creating house forms in the Khasia Punji at Jaflong, Sylhet area.Design/methodology/approachTwo main types of traditional and modern house forms were identified and studied in order to document and analyze the aspects of changes in the construction method and material uses, while the interviews together with observational, qualitative and descriptive study formed an insight into the changing socio-cultural dynamics and evolving lifestyle of the tribe. Apart from physical surveys, the primary data on settlement patterns over twenty years' time were reviewed through satellite imaging while the characteristics of local house forms were also collected from tourist photographs through time recorded in Google database.FindingsThe findings of this research have pointed out that in the case of the Khasi tribe, the shift in temporal context, accompanied by a shift in technological, socio-cultural and economic aspects, is fueling the transformation in the formal expression, material and methods of the house building.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations were posed in setting up more constructive and informative interview sessions with the Khasi people due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation which limited the survey outcomes in general.Practical implicationsThe scope of this study is to understand the changes and advances in socio-cultural, technological aspects of a society and their impact on the intricate patterns of life and customs that are evidently reflected in the transformation of built environments.Originality/valueThis research attempts to understand the causes behind the transformation of vernacular house forms, taking place in the Khasi village of Jaflong, Sylhet.

Examining the Development of Sustainable Tourism on Phuket Island: A Literature Review with Implications for Tourism Planning

The conception of sustainable tourism is comparatively new and only started to emerge in the 1980s, whereas nowadays, it became a prevalent theme of discussion for researchers and tourism policymakers. Since then, sustainable tourism is often referred to as the holy grail and ultimate solution to achieve a balanced outcome that equally emphasizes environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development. These factors are said to ensure active participation and assist in the process to create consensus amongst stakeholders. The tropical island of Phuket depends heavily on international tourism and generates most of its income from tourism receipts. Phuket developed quickly into a mass-tourism destination with its set of associated challenges derived from mass tourism. At present, the literature lacks a comprehensive account of perspectives from the tourism stakeholders, including indigenous people, local communities, visitors, industry, and government. Therefore, this review aims to serve as an insightful reference for policymakers and stakeholders that wish to affect change in the tourism industry for Thailand in general and Phuket specifically.

Influencing Factors of Team Effectiveness in Global Virtual Teams

Virtual teams are gaining importance because they have given organisations and employees the ability to work from anywhere in the world without relocating them. The ability to work remotely and collaborate virtually has allowed organisations to expand their reach and tap into a global talent pool. Additionally, COVID-19 has resulted in seeking alternative work arrangements, including the information technology (IT) industry. However, virtual teams also have challenges that can affect team efficiency and effectiveness. Factors such as knowledge sharing, trust, language and cultural differences, distance, and time zone differences can all impact virtual team performance. This research describes several important factors that affect global virtual team efficiency, especially in IT projects, and underlying solutions are addressed to reduce the barriers. By understanding the challenges and implementing effective solutions, organisations can leverage the benefits of virtual teams.

Informing the design of urban green and blue spaces through an understanding of Europeans' usage and preferences

In light of global climate change and the biodiversity crisis, making cities more resilient through an adjusted design of urban green and blue spaces is crucial. Nature-based solutions help address these challenges while providing opportunities for nature experiences, and providing cultural ecosystem services that support public health. The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated stressors highlighted the interrelated socio-ecological services provided by nature-based solutions like urban green and blue spaces.This pan-European study therefore aimed to enhance the socio-ecological understanding of green and blue spaces to support their design and management. Using an online survey, green and blue space preferences, usage, and pandemic-related changes in greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were examined.Greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were associated with respondents' (N = 584 from 15 countries) geographical location, dominant type of neighbourhood greenspace and greenspace availability during the pandemic, but not greenspace perceptions or sociodemographic background.Greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were generally high;however, Southern Europeans reported lower greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies both before and during the pandemic than Northern Europeans. Many Southern Europeans also reported having few neighbourhood greenspaces and low greenspace availability during the pandemic.The most common outdoor recreational activity among respondents before the pandemic was walking or running with the most frequently stated purpose of time spent outdoors being restorative in nature (i.e. relaxing or calming down). Most Europeans had positive perceptions of green and blue spaces with preferences for structurally diverse and natural or unmanaged green elements.This highlights the importance of accessible green and blue spaces both in everyday life and during times of crisis. Stakeholders, their preferences, and regional and cultural differences should be included in the co-design of urban green and blue spaces to maximize their potential for both people and nature.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

The socio-cultural factors behind the Saudi attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination: A survey-based study.

Introduction: Vaccine distrust and rejection are thought to contribute to disease outbreaks and increased mortality. The present study aimed to analyze the socio-cultural characteristics and attitudes of the Saudi population toward vaccines, using a cross-sectional survey-based approach. Methods: An online questionnaire was used, following the snowball method. A total of 444 people responded, of whom 333 (75%) were female, and 111 (25%) were male. Results: The demographic characteristics associated with vaccine confidence were gender, job type, medical problems, and knowledge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms. The hesitancy was highest (31.17%) among individuals aged 21-30 years old, and in more males (27.03%) expressed hesitancy than females (25.23%). However, if we focused on the percentage of the refusal to receive the vaccine, more females (15.23%) refused the vaccine than males (4.5%). More than one-third of the vaccine-hesitant respondents had limited knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms. Personal characteristics associated with vaccine confidence were described as the following: do not fully trust vaccines produced in a short time (42.1%), fear of the future results of the vaccine (30.4%), reluctance to allow a foreign material to enter the body (17.6%), no interaction with others, so no need for the vaccine (11.5%), low interaction with people (67.8%), and reluctance to make decisions (11.3%). The primary social motivation for getting the vaccine was to get back to normal life (67.6%). Discussion: The results of the present study revealed that more than half of the respondents in Saudi Arabia were confident about the vaccine (61.7%), while only 25.7% were hesitant and 12.6% were unconvinced. Based on these results, in the early period of COVID-19 vaccine administration in the country (early 2021), before any governmental allowance and political intervention, we found that the socio-demographic and socio-cultural characteristics of the population were significant factors contributing to vaccination acceptance. Therefore, policymakers should support long-term safety studies of the vaccine, conduct educational programs giving high-priority to the populations' health, and tailor vaccination hesitancy reduction techniques to local communities.

An Integrative Analysis: What Cultural Factors Protect Us Against the COVID-19 Indeed?

The outbreak of the Covid-19 Pandemic has been for more than two years around the world, as well as there were substantial regional differences in the infection cases and deaths per million. Plenty of studies in psychology and behavioral science in the past two years showed that cultural factors might influence individual cognitions and behaviors, and then change collective responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic. However, few studies are conducted to discern the effects of these cultural factors on the prevention and control of the Covid-19 epidemic situation simultaneously and identify what cultural variables are valid indeed for us preventing Covid-19. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the effects of the major cultural variables together, e.g., individualism-collectivism, tightness-looseness, authoritarianism, emancipative moral judgments, and national identity, on the epidemic situations during the several stages of the Pandemic. The results suggested that, in the early stages of the epidemic, the countries with higher parochialism had fewer cases and deaths per million;meanwhile the countries with higher uncertainty avoidance had more cases and deaths per million. Across the whole epidemic periods so far, the countries with tighter cultures had fewer cases and deaths per million, as well as more individual autonomy countries, had higher deaths per million. The integrative analysis of the multiple cultural factors in the present study provided theoretical insights and empirical evidence for a better understanding of how culture affects individual and collective responses to the Pandemic, making efficient policies for Covid-19 control, and coping with potential epidemics in the future. © 2022 IEEE.

READING ILLNESS FROM THE "THE DEAD COLD LIGHT OF TOMORROW": KATHERINE ANNE PORTER'S PALE HORSE, PALE RIDER IN THE TIMES OF COVID-19

Este trabajo sugiere una revisión de Pale Horse, Pale Rider (1939), el texto semiautobiográfico de Katherine Anne Porter en el que la autora relata su experiencia próxima a la muerte cuando fue víctima de la pandemia de gripe de 1918. La obra está considerada como la más relevante entre las que se ocupan de dicha pandemia en la tradición estadounidense, y este trabajo se sirve de esa historia crítica del texto, centrada en gran parte en explorar las intersecciones entre ficción y memoria, para trasladar no obstante el foco crítico hacia la experiencia de lectura en el momento presente, con el objetivo de ofrecer una nueva perspectiva que aclare algunos de los misterios del texto original. En un contexto en el que nuestra propia experiencia traumática durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha desenterrado la memoria cultural de la gripe de 1918, este estudio examina las incertidumbres y ambigüedades de la narración de Porter, investigando la hipótesis de que la lectura contemporánea de Pale Horse, Pale Rider sirve para decodificar parte de la indeterminación modernista de la obra, ofreciendo así la posibilidad de trascender las limitaciones en torno al uso del lenguaje y del mito en el texto para construir nuevos significados a partir de la memoria compartida.Alternate :The aim of this study is to suggest a new assessment of Katherine Anne Porter's semi-autobiographical account of her near-death experience with the 1918 flu, Pale Horse, Pale Rider (1939), considered by many as the paradigmatic American narrative of that pandemic. Following the trend set by most critics of Porter, this article explores the intersections of memory and fiction in the novella, but shifting attention to our present-day response, assessed as a critical tool that provides renewed insight into the mysteries of Porter's late-modernist text. Revisited in a context in which cultural memories of the 1918 influenza have been awakened by our own traumatic experience with COVID-19, this article seeks to probe the uncertainties in Porter's aestheticized trauma narrative. The aim is to investigate the hypothesis that our contemporary reading of Pale Horse, Pale Rider illuminates the modernist obscurities in the text and, in consequence, raises the possibility of transcending the limitations of language and myth exhibited in the text, providing new meanings through connection and remembrance.

Increasing Consumption of Korean Dramas during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cases of Indonesian Viewers

This qualitative study focuses on Indonesian transnational fans' consumption of Korsan dramas (hereafter K-dramas) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study highlights the fans' lived experiences, thoughts, and interpretation of Korean culture in watching K-dramas as well as how they construct identities through their consumption in their everyday lives. This study used qualitative questionnaire as the instrument to collect the data for the study. Using thematic analysis, the study reveals that there were four emerging motivating factors to watch K-Dramas among Indonesian viewers: fresh substitutive choice, easy access, interesting stories and visuals, and cultural factors. Additionally, the study also shows four outcomes of their consumptive behavior: language acquisition and motivation to learn Korean, cultural understanding and new perceptions of Korea, pursuit of education, and pure entertainment and stress-reliever. Hence, this study contributes to the body of literature on K-Dramas consumption, especially in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of social and cultural factors on incidence, transmission and control of Coronavirus disease in Iran: a qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 pandemic has had mixed reactions from nations, people and governments about ways to cope with, prevent and control the disease. The current study identifies social, cultural and policy factors affecting the incidence and control of Coronavirus disease in Iran. METHODS: A qualitative study consists of content analysis as well as the views of 20 experienced and knowledgeable subjects specialized in social and cultural health management. The data were gathered using three semi-structured interviews and then continued by 17 semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using Graneheim approach. After each interview, the recorded audio files transcript and reviewed. Then codes extracted and divided to categories and sub-categories. RESULTS: There are distinct social and cultural factors in coping with Coronavirus disease. These consisted of three categories of governance, individual and community related factors. A total of 17 subcategories and 215 primary codes that were extracted from the text of interviews as variables of the study and in relation to the research question. Ten subdomains of governance including vaccination, political issues, knowledge, support services, administrative services, transportation, health and treatment, culturalization, legislation and, managerial and financial policies impacted the spread and mitigation of the pandemic at various levels. CONCLUSION: The management of pandemics requires a comprehensive capacity for identifying and determining social and cultural criteria. A healthy partnership between governments and the community may be required to remove unnecessary obstacles that hinder public health attempt to alleviate the risk. The obtained criteria and indicators from this study may be utilized by policy makers in an attempt to strengthen protocols for mitigating pandemics. Further studies may be warranted to confirm these findings.

The coronavirus global pandemic and its impacts on society

The aim of the study is to assess the impact of various nationalities, cultures, and religions on the spread of the coronavirus in the human environment. Particular attention was paid to compliance with legal and ethical standards during a pandemic. Different cultures, nationalities, and religions have a significant influence on the development and spread of the coronavirus in the world. During the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the tightening of legal standards, it is necessary to ensure: protection of patient confidentiality;of freedom of the expression;accesses to critical information;the opportunities to belong to social organizations and civil society;the accesses to professionals healthcare;ensure equal rights for women and guarantee the right to water and sanitation;continuity of humanitarian aid and targeted economic aid. Travel locks and bans should comply with legal standards;the right to education should be strictly respected. Artificial intelligence can be used in the fight against the crown. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Applying a Collaborative Online International Learning Experience (COIL) during two Undergraduate Environmental Engineering Courses in the US and Mexico

The ability to communicate effectively and to work in multidisciplinary teams with individuals from diverse international backgrounds are some of the student outcomes that need to be met by academic programs seeking accreditation by independent organizations such as ABET. International course collaborations able to fulfill these goals are challenging under regular conditions, but the COVID-19 pandemic and the migration to virtual learning in both Mexico and the United States presented an opportunity to test multinational collaboration during a regular course context. In the Fall 2021, we piloted a month-long collaboration between two engineering courses at Rice University (US) and Tecnológico de Monterrey (Mexico). This collaboration was designed to meet the two student outcomes stated above in the context of UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 using COIL. A series of activities were designed to promote student reflection on topics such as the cultural, social, and technical factors related to the design of a rainwater collection system. Examples of these activities include discussion sessions prompting the exchange of ideas by students from both institutions, and mutual evaluation of their rainwater harvesting designs. At the end of the collaboration, the students completed a survey reporting their understanding of the current global water crisis, the challenges to provide sustainable solutions, and their perception of the collaboration. Due to differences in both courses, such as accessibility and quality of internet access, the personal goals of the students and the language barrier, the authors obtained mixed reactions from the students to this collaboration. Most students reported that this experience was positive, provided new knowledge and an opportunity to develop their international collaboration skills;only a few students reported no positive outcomes. Although this first collaboration proved to be satisfactory for both students and instructors, it also provided several learning opportunities, such as forming smaller work groups to allow the students to connect at a more individual level, providing TAs to be present in every discussion room to encourage participation of all students, and emphasizing the need for more cultural awareness, such as the fact that some participants are not having these discussions in their native language. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022.

A Participatory, Needs-Based Approach to Breastfeeding Training for Confinement Centres.

With a focus on traditional practices rather than evidence-based practices, breastfeeding support is sub-optimal in confinement centres (CCs). We used a participatory, needs-based approach to develop a training module for CC staff adopting Kern's six-step approach as our conceptual framework. Of 46 identified CCs, 25 accepted our invitation to a dialogue aimed at establishing relationships and understanding their needs. An interactive training workshop was developed from the dialogue's findings. The workshop, attended by 32 CCs (101 participants), was conducted four times over a four-month period. Questions raised by the participants reflected deficits in understanding breastfeeding concepts and erroneous cultural beliefs. Correct answers rose from 20% pre-test to 51% post-test. Post-workshop feedback showed that participants appreciated the safe environment to ask questions, raise concerns and correct misconceptions. An interview conducted 14 months later showed that while some CCs improved breastfeeding support, others made no change due to conflict between breastfeeding and traditional postnatal practices, which was aggravated by a lack of support due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A participatory approach established a trustful learning environment, helping CCs appreciate the value of learning and adopting new concepts. However, cultural perceptions take time to change, hence continuous training and support are vital for sustained changes.

Oyanın Mirası, Nallıhan Íğne Oyasının Miras Olma Serüveni

Bu makalenin konusu kültürel bir unsur olarak Nallıhan iğne oyalarıdır. Makale, resmi miras listesinde doğrudan yer almayan Nallıhan iğne oyalarının gelenek taşıyıcıları ve çeşitli profesyoneller aracılığıyla nasıl bir miras unsuru ve değerli bir ticari ürüne dönüştürüldüğünü sorun edinmektedir. Adı üstünde iğneyle yapılan ve bir çeşit örgü olan iğne oyaları, geçmişten günümüze geleneksel giyim-kuşam ve süslenmenin önemli bir parçası olagelmiştir. Bununla birlikte toplumsal ve ekonomik yapıdaki değişmelere bağlı olarak iğne oyalarında da bir değişimin yaşandığı gözlenmektedir. Bu değişimi anlayabilmek üzere makalede Nallıhan iğne oyalarına inovasyon (innovation), normatif kültür (habitus/normative culture) ve kültürel mirastan (cultural heritage) oluşan üçlü bir kültürel form modeli çerçevesinden yaklaştık. Bu kapsamda iğne oyasını, miras öncesi kültürel formdan miras olarak etiketlenmeye doğru seyreden süreçte;oyanın aktörleri, oyaya yüklenen anlam, değer ve işlev, uygulamalar, politikalar, mirasa ilişkin bilinç ve farkındalık kadar kültürel ve toplumsal yapıdaki değişmeler açısından tartışarak betimledik. Makalede kullanılan verilerin önemli bir kısmını alan araştırmasıyla elde ettik. Yaşanan Covid- 19 pandemisi araştırma tekniklerimizde hibritleşmeye yol açmıştır. Bu sebeple görüşmelerimizi 2020-2021 aralığında Ankara ve Nallıhan’da kimi zaman yüz yüze, kimi zaman da telefonla gerçekleştirdik. Sonuçta ise Nallıhan iğne oyalarının normatif kültürden yüksek farkındalıkla kültürel miras düzeyine yükseldiğini, bu süreçte özellikle turizmin araç olarak işlev gördüğünü ve iğne oyasını yaratıcı/ girişimci bakışla yeniden tasarlamanın önemli olduğunu tespit ettik.Alternate : This article is about Nallıhan needle lace as a cultural element. The problem examined in this article is how Nallıhan needle lace, which is not directly included in the official heritage list, is turned into a heritage element and a valuable commercial product by tradition bearers and various professionals. Needle lace, which is a kind of knitting made with needles, has been an important part of traditional clothing and decoration from past to present. However, it is observed that there is a change in needle lace depending on the changes in the social and economic structure. In order to understand this change, we approached Nallıhan needle lace within the framework of a triple cultural form model consisting of innovation, normative culture (habitus/ normative culture) and cultural heritage. In this context, in the process that moves needle lace from a pre-heritage cultural form to being labeled as a heritage;we discussed and described the lace in terms of the actors, meaning, value and function attributed to the embroidery, the policies, practices, the consciousness and awareness of the heritage as well as the changes in the cultural and social structure. We obtained a significant part of the data used in the article through field work. The current Covid- 19 pandemic has led to hybridization in our research techniques. For this reason, we held our inteviews in Ankara and Nallıhan between 2020-2021, sometimes faceto- face and sometimes over the phone. As a result, we have determined that Nallıhan needle lace has risen from normative culture to cultural heritage level with high awareness, that tourism especially functions as a tool in this process and it is important to redesign needle lace with a creative/entrepreneurial perspective.